| Word | Audio | Part of Speech | Translation/Definition | Examples | Other |
| terra, terrae | Noun, 1st, fem. | land, earth, ground; (planet) earth |
In current use: terra firma; terra incognita |
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| vīta, -ae | Noun, 1st, f. | life | In current use: aqua vitae (British) | ||
nātūra, -ae |
Noun, 1st, f. | nature | De naturā deorum (title of work by Cicero) | C.S.Lewis Studies in Words (chapter 2) | |
| aqua, aquae | Noun, 1st, f. | water | In current use: ĉ aq. (cum aqua) (prescriptions); aqua fortis (science) | ||
| deus, deī | Noun, 2nd, m. | god | Declension: Nom. pl. often dī. In current use: mater Deī; deus ex machinā (literature) |
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| locus, -ī | Noun, 2nd, m.* | place | *Gender: In the plural, when the places are connected to form a region, the gender is neuter: loca. In current use: locus poenitentiae (law) |
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| annus, -ī | Noun, 2nd. m. | year | In current use: A.D. (Annō Dominī) | ||
| amīcus, -ī | Noun, 2nd. m. | friend | In current use: amicus curiae (law) | ||
| fīlius, -ī | Noun, 2nd. m. | son | |||
| numerus, -ī | Noun, 2nd. m. | number | |||
| caelum, -ī, | Noun, 2nd. nt. | sky, heaven | |||
| verbum, -ī | Noun, 2nd. nt. | word; | Iēiūnus venter nōn audit verba libenter (Medieval) | In current use: facta non verba; acta non verba (US Merchant Marines) |
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| bellum, -ī | Noun, 2nd. nt. | war | In current use: ante bellum; casus bellī |
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| aurum, -ī | Noun, 2nd. nt. | gold | |||
| pater, patris | Noun, 3rd. m. | father | “Pater inquam tuus vēnit.” (Plaut. Most. 366) | In current use: pater noster (church); pater patriae |
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| māter, mātris | Noun, 3rd. f. | mother | repetitiō est māter studiōrum. (Anon.) | In current use: alma mater; dura mater; mater Deī |
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| sōl, sōlis | Noun, 3rd. m. | sun (image) | |||
| amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | Verb, 1st. | love (_____) | |||
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | Verb, 1st. | give _____ | [Dido] iūra dabat legēsque virīs (Verg. Aen. 1. 507) | ||
| vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | Verb, 1st. | call ___; summon ____; invite ____ | Dumnorigem [a Gallic leader] ad se vocat. (Caes. BG. 1.20) “quem . . . vocabo ad cenam . . .?” (Ter. And. 1.453) Carthaginienses fessos nox imberque ad necessariam quietem vocabat. (Liv. 28.15.12) quae causae sunt eius modi ut . . . in iudicium vocari non solent. (Cic. de Orat. 1.57.241) “ego vocor Lyconides.” (Plaut. Aul. 4.10.49) |
Synonyms | |
| respondeō, -ēre, respondī, responsus | Verb, 2nd. | answer (_____), reply _______ | |||
| videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus | Verb, 2nd. | see _____ | videor Group 10 Synonyms |
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| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | Verb, 2nd. | have _____; | regnum . . . quod pater ante habuerit (Caes. BG. I.3) ipsum ex Helvetiis uxorem habere (Caes. BG. I.18) |
In current use: habeas corpus (law) | |
| consider _____ _____, regard (someone/something to be something) [have an opinion about] | [eos] reductos in hostium numero habuit (Case. BG. I.28) divus habebitur Augustus (Hor. C. 3.5.2) sese illum non pro amico sed pro hoste habiturum[esse] (Caes. BG. I.44) |
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| deliver (a speech) | Hac oratione habita (Caes. BG. I.33 et al.) | ||||
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | Verb, irregular. | be | Conjugation | ||
| possum, posse, potuī | Verb, irregular | be able | |||
| mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus | Verb, 3rd. | send ______ | |||
| vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctūrus | Verb, 3rd | live; be alive | Synonyms; In current use: modus vīvendī |
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| capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus | Verb, 3rd -io | take ____, seize ____, capture ____ | |||
| multus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | sing: much ____; pl. many multī [hominēs]: many people multa: many things |
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| bonus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | good | In current use: prō bonō [publicō] | ||
| dīvus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | god-like, of a deity, divine; deified | tuque, o, . . . diva parens (Verg. Aen. 6.197 divum pater atque hominum rex (Verg. Aen.10.743 et al.) divus habebitur Augustus (Hor. C. 3.5.2) |
Declension: gen. pl. often divum Common in Vergil (and poetry); also of deified emperors |
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| altus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | high, tall; deep; lofty | sub moenibus altis (Verg. Aen. 1.95) ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto. (Verg. Aen. 8.423) sub ramis arboris altae(Lucr. 2.30) monte sub alto (Verg. Aen. 11.849) [in] terris iactatus et alto[mari] (Verg. Aen. 1.3) altissima flumina (Caes.BC 3.77) quamquam vis alto vulnere tardat. (Verg. Aen. 10.857) sub alto pectore (Verg. Aen. 6.599-600) somno quibus est opus alto. (Hor. Serm. 2.1.8) Roma (Ovid)** |
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| novus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | new; recent | In current use: dē novō; novus ordo s[a]eclōrum |
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| certus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adj. | certain | |||
| sacer, sacra, sacrum | 1st/2nd Adj. | set apart as consecrated to a deity; sacred, holy; | (Diana to pregnant Callisto) “. . . nec sacros pollue fontīs” (Ov. Met. 2.464) (of Marcellus, the victorious general) aedificiis omnibus, publicis, privatis, sacris, profanis sic pepercit (Cic. Verr. 2.4.54.129) (of a sacrificial victim) cum sanguine sacro (Cat. 68.75) (penalty for anyone who harmed a plebeian tribune) ut eius caput Iovi sacrum esset (Liv. 3.55.7) |
Synonyms (sanctus) | |
| set apart to a deity as accursed | |||||
| ūnus, -a, -um | adj. (Pronoun Declension) | one | flōs ūnus nōn facit hortum. (anon.) | ||
| duo, duae, duo | Dual Declension | two | Erant omnino itinera duo(Caes. BG I.6) Duōs quī sequitur leporēs neutrum capit. (Medieval) (lepus, leporis hare, rabbit) |
Declension: | |
| trēs, tria | 3rd (-i stem) Adj. | three | |||
| ego, mihi, mē; nōs, nōbīs, nōs | Pronoun | ego: I mihi: (dative to/for) me, mē (acc./abl.): me (object) nōs (nom.): We nōbīs (dative/ablative): us nōs (acc.): us |
Moneō ego tē (Plaut. Most. 196) | Genitive (meī): Group 2 |
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| is | (Demonstrative) Pronoun | this one; he; (masc.thing =) it |
Marcellus qui . . . is (Cic. Verr.) is enim se primus agebat (Verg. Aen 9.696). . . . confirmant. Ad eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. Is . . . (Caes. BG I.3) |
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| Demonstrative adj. | this ___ | is [locus] urbis erit (Verg. Aen. 3.393) scilicet is [labor] superis labor est, (Verg. Aen. 4.379) Quare ne committeret ut is locus ubi . . . (Caesar BG I.13) . . . diem dicunt, . . . Is dies erat a.d.V Kal. Apr. (Caes. BG I.6) |
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| Quis | Pronoun (Interrogative) | Who? image | “Quis id ait? Quis [eum] vīdit?” “Egomet inquam vīdī.” (Plaut. Most. 367 | Indefinite (after si, etc): Group 9 | |
| hic | Demonstrative adj. | this ___ (nom. s. masc.) | |||
| Pronoun | this one; he; the latter |
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| nōn | Adverb | not | Word order | ||
| nunc | Adv. | now | Law: nunc pro tunc | ||
| semper | Adv. | always | Phrases: semper fidelis | ||
| tam | Adv. | so ___ | tam facilem (Hor. Serm. I.1.22) tam diu (Caes. BG I.12) tam fortis (Caes. BG. VI.39) tam barbara (Verg. Aen. I.539) tam dira (Verg. Aen. VI.373 et al.) |
Correlative | |
| hīc | Adv. | here; (in this place) | (Epitaph) Hīc situs est Phaethon (Ov. Met. II.327) Neo hīc fuit. (graffiti from Pompeii) |
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| cum | preposition + abl. | with; mēcum (with me), nōbīscum (with us) |
For Subordinating conjunction: Group 4; In current use: cum grano salis; vade mecum; For prefix con-; Correlative |
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| ad | preposition + acc. | to (motion to a place) | For prefix ad-; In current use: ad hoc; ad nauseam |
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| at, near (+ verb of rest) | sedēre ad latus eius (Cic.) | ||||
| per | preposition + acc. | through | In current use: ad astra per aspera (Kansas state motto); For prefix per- |
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| et | coordinating conjunction | and | Adverb: Group 4; Synonyms (-que, atque/ac); In current use: Panem et circenses. (Juvenal); “&” comes from the Medieval manuscript writing of Latin “et”; the name “ampersand” comes from “and per se “and”” (of its place at the end of the alphabet) |
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| sed | coordinating conjunction | but | |||
| sī | subordinating conjunction | if | Si valēs, bene est. Ego valeo. (abbreviated: S.V.B.E.E.V. Used in letters) | Translation of Conditions | |
| salvē, salvēte | verb (singular, plural) (imperative) | Hello, Greetings. | In current use: salve, regina |
On to Exercises for Group 1 Vocabulary