The vocabulary information for nouns is: nominative, genitive, gender.
|
Note:
|
The genitive tells you which declension a noun is. |
|---|---|
| The genitive also tells you the base for declining the other case forms. The base is the genitive minus the genitive ending. |
1st declension: (-a stem) genitive: -ae
- -a, -ae (feminine unless = male person: agricola, incola, nauta)
- suffixes: -ia, -iae; -tia, -tiae (abstract nouns)
2nd declension: (-o stem): genitive -ī
- -us or –(e)r, –ī masculine (except trees are feminine)
- -um, –ī neuter
3rd declension: (consonant and *–i stems); genitive sing. -is
| Note: | The nominative is either the stem (always for neuter) or add –s (usually feminine) |
|---|---|
| The genitive also tells you the base for declining the other case forms. The base is the genitive minus the genitive ending. |
- nominative –r, masculine (unless female person: māter, uxor)
common suffixes: -or, -ōris (abstract emotion) (timor, dolor)
-tor, -tōris (person) - nominative -s, feminine (except –us = neuter, see below)
often stems in –t or –d, which drop the –t/-d before the –s
nom. (ar-s, art-is; mēn-s, ment-is)
suffixes: -tās, -tātis (abstract) (cīvitās, vēritās, lībertās) - nominative –ō, usually feminine
often stems in –n (with the –n dropped in the nom.)
common patterns: -ō, -inis (cf. homō, hominis, m/f)
-tiō/-siō, -iōnis (from 4th princ. part of verb) (abstract noun: “a ___ing”) (ratiō) - nominative –x, (usually feminine)
stems in –c or –g (+ -s gives –x for nom.)
e.g.: rēx, rēgis (m.); lūx, lūcis; vox, vōcis - nominative –us, neuter (remember: the –us is the stem, not the ending; the –s changed to –r- between vowels)
genitive: -or-is or –er-is (corpus, tempus; opus)
(a vowel rounds before -r , so u > o; nom. -us, base -or) - nominative –men, neuter
genitive: min-is (base min-) (nōmen; flūmen) - *-i stem: genitive plural: -ium (neuter: abl. sing. –ī; nom./acc.pl. –ia)
monosyllabic nominative with stem ending in two consonants: dēns, dent-is; mons, mont-is
nominative = genitive: hostis, hostis, c.
4th declension: (-u stem): genitive –ūs
- -us, -ūs, masculine (except: domus and manus are fem.)
- often < 4th principal part of verb
- -ū, -ūs, neuter
5th Declension: (-e stem): genitive -eī (or –ēī after a vowel)
- –ēs, -eī, feminine (except: diēs, day, usually masculine unless it refers to a special day)