| Word | Audio | Part of Speech | Translation/Definition | Examples | Other |
| arma, -ōrum | Noun 2nd nt. | arms, weapons (especially defensive) | Silent . . . lēgēs inter arma. (Cicero) | ||
| ōs, ōris | Noun 3rd nt. | mouth | Synonym (vultus) | ||
| iter, itineris | Noun 3rd nt | journey | see coepi below | ||
| caput, capitis | Noun 3rd nt | head | navia aut capita (Roman game) | In current use: DC al fine (de capite al fine Italian < Latin “de capite ad finem”) (music); per capita | |
| mare, maris | Noun 3rd –i stem nt. | sea | In current use: mare līberum; mare clausum; mare nostrum | ||
| mūnus, mūneris | Noun 3rd nt | gift, offering; duty, service | Cereris sine mūnere [i.e. grain; bread] (Ov. Met. 10.74) | ||
| nihil (/nīl) | Noun, indeclinable, nt. (+ genitive) | nothing | In current use: nihil ex nihilo fit | ||
| satis | Noun (+ genitive), indeclinable, nt | enough (of) ____; sufficient amount (of) | |||
| adverb | sufficiently | Quam [= Eurydicen] satis ad superās postquam Rhodopeius [= Orpheus] aurās deflēvit [had wept for] vates, . . . (Ov. Met. 10.11-12) dictum sapientī satis est. (Plautus) |
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| tectum, -ī | Noun 2nd nt. | roof; (thing covered < tegō), shelter, house | |||
| nātus, -ī (nāta, -ae) | Noun 2nd m. (1st fem.) | (one born); son; (daughter) |
inter natos et parentes (Cic. de Am. VIII.27) | Substantive of participle of nascor (below) | |
| socius, -ī | Noun 2nd m. | ally | |||
| ventus, -ī | Noun 2nd m. | wind image | |||
| mīles, mīlitis | Noun 3rd m. | soldier | |||
| frāter, frātris | Noun 3rd m. | brother | |||
| fīnis, -is | Noun 3rd –i stem m. | end; limit pl.: territory |
In current use: DC al fine (de capite al fine Italian < Latin “de capite ad finem”) (music) | ||
| ignis, -is | Noun 3rd –i stem m. | fire | |||
| mōns, montis | Noun 3rd –i stem m. | mountain | |||
| eques, equitis | Noun 3rd m. | horseman; cavalry member | |||
| orbis, -is | Noun 3rd –i stem m. | circle, orbit, orb | orbis terrārum | ||
| hostis, -is | Noun 3rd –i stem c. | (public) enemy | tanta vis probitatis (uprightness) est ut eam . . . in hoste etiam diligamus (Cic. De Am. IX.29) | Synonym | |
| iuvenis, -is | Noun 3rd c. | youth, young person | Age | ||
| parēns, parentis | Noun 3rd c. | parent; (one bearing/begetting) | (see natus above) | ||
| coepī, coeptum | Verb, 3rd -io, perfect only | (I) began/have begun | iter in ea loca facere coepit (Caes. BG IV.7.1) | ||
| nascor, nascī, nātus sum | Verb, 3rd, deponent | be born | |||
| sequor, sequī, secūtus sum | Verb, 3rd, deponent | follow | Duōs quī sequitur leporēs neutrum capit. (Medieval) (lepus, leporis hare, rabbit) | ||
| loquor, loquī, locūtus sum | Verb, 3rd, deponent | speak; say | In current use: rēs ipsa loquitur (law) | ||
| petō, -ere, petīvī, petītus | Verb, 3rd | seek; go after | |||
| gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus | Verb, 3rd | bear; wear, carry; conduct (affairs/war) |
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| dīligō, -ere, dīlēxī, dīlectus | Verb, 3rd | esteem, love | me dilexit [Scipio Africanus] (Cic. de Am. IX.31) see hostis above |
Prefix | |
| tegō, -ere, texī, tectus | Verb, 3rd | cover; cover over; protect | |||
| canō, -ere, cecinī, cantus | Verb, 3rd | sing; make music; sound | |||
| nātus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adjective | born | “, . . . nāte [vocative] deā, . . .” (Verg. Aen. 3.311; 374) | ||
| parvus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adjective | small | |||
| ingēns, (ingentis) | 3rd Adjective | huge, extraordinarily large | (Orpheus to Pluto) “per [oath: by] Chaos hoc ingēns” (Ov. Met. 10.30) | Synonyms | |
| alter, altera, alterum | Adjective, “pronoun” decl. | the other (of two); (the) second (of > 2) alter . . . alter: the one . . . the other |
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| tūtus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adjective | safe | |||
| cunctus, -a, -um | 1st/2nd Adjective | all (together), the whole | <con-iunctus. Synonyms |
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| ūllus, -a, -um | Adjective, “pronoun” decl. | any | |||
| ille, illa, illud | Demonstrative Pronoun | “that one” (especially of a change in subject to someone/thing introduced in the previous sentence); the former |
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| Demonstrative Adjective | that ____ (after the noun): the [famous] ______ pl.: those _____s |
In current use: Dies ille, dies irae (Medieval hymn sequence) | |||
| eī, eae | (nom. pl. masc., fem)Demonstrative Pronoun | They; these ones/persons/men/women/(masc./fem) things | eī: Dative singular Pronouns |
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| Demonstrative adjective | these _____s | ||||
| hī, hae | (nom. pl. masc., fem.)Demonstrative Adjective | They; these men, women (the latter) |
Pronouns | ||
| Demonstrative Pronoun | these _____s | ||||
| quī, quae | Relative Pronoun (quī: nom. sing./pl. m. quae: nom./s./pl. fem./ nt. pl. nom./acc.) |
(man/men) who; (woman/women) who; (masc./fem. thing) which (nt. pl. things) which |
As Interrogative adjective: Group 14 | ||
| quoque | Adverb | (noun) also; too, (in addition) | “Vōs quoque iunxit Amor.” (Ov. Met. 10.29) | Synonyms | |
| vērō | Adverb | but; but (truly, indeed) | |||
| sīc | Adverb | thus, so, in such a way (usually modifying a verbal) | sīc ait, ” . . .” (Ov. Met. 10.17) | Synonyms | |
| propter | Preposition + accusative | because of | In current use: post hoc ergo propter hoc | ||
| apud | Preposition + accusative | among (+ pl.); at the house of; with (person) |
Synonyms | ||
| causā | “Preposition” + preceding gen. | for the sake of | metrī (meter) causā | ||
| gratiā | “Preposition” + preceding gen. | for the sake of | In current use: e.g. (exemplī gratiā) | ||
| nam | Coordinating Conjunction | For (giving grounds for preceding) | |||
| enim | Coordinating Conjunction | For (giving grounds for preceding) | postpositive | ||
| ut / (uti) | Subordinating Conjunction | (+subjunctive:) (indirect command): that someone do something (purpose): so that, in order to (result): that (noun result): that (fear): (that . . . not) |
Translating “ut” clauses; For ut/uti, see Alternative Forms |
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| + indicative: as; (when) | |||||
| nē | Subordinating Conjunction; | (+ subjunctive) lest; that . . . not; (purpose): so that . . . not (fear): lest; that . . . |
Negatives; Translating “ut/ne” clauses |
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| (main clause): let . . . not; | |||||
On to Vocabulary Group 7