| Word | Part of Speech | Translation/Definition | Examples | Other |
| amor, amōris |
Noun 3rd m. | love | ||
| labor, -ōris |
Noun 3rd m. | work, toil, labor | ||
| mōs, mōris |
Noun 3rd m. | custom, way, manner; pl. character | mōre Gallico (Caes. BG V.43.1) | |
| pēs, pēdis |
Noun 3rd m. | foot | ||
| honor, -ōris |
Noun 3rd m. | (public) office; honor | ||
| ordō, ordinis |
Noun 3rd m. | order, rank | [Daedalus, making the wings] pōnit in ordine pennās [feathers] (Ov. Met. 8.189) | In current use: novus ordo s[a]eclōrum |
| equus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | horse image | ||
| oculus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | eye | ||
| animus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | spirit | ||
| dominus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | master | In current use: A.D. (Annō Dominī); Dominus illuminatio mea (church); Dominus tecum | |
| vir, virī |
Noun 2nd m. | man; (husband) | ||
| puer, puerī |
Noun 2nd m. | boy | ||
| populus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | population, the people, the populace | In current use: SPQR (senātus populusque Rōmānus); vōx populī vōx deī | |
| modus, -ī |
Noun 2nd m. | way, manner, method; measure | Other uses; In current use: modus operandi; modus vīvendī | |
| dux, ducis |
Noun 3rd c. (m./f.) | leader | ||
| rēx, rēgis |
Noun 3rd m. | king | ||
| senex, senis |
Noun 3rd m. | old man | ||
| dūcō, -ere, dūxī, dūctus |
Verb 3rd | lead | ||
| eō, īre, i(v)ī, itūrus |
Verb 4th irregular | go | ||
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrus |
Verb 4th irregular | go back | Compound | |
| recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus |
Verb 3rd -io | accept | Compound | |
| agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus |
Verb 3rd | do, act; drive | In current use: agenda (“things to be done”) | |
| quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus |
Verb 3rd | seek, ask | ||
| pōnō, -ere, posuī, positus |
Verb 3rd | put, place | . . . omnem spem hostēs [=subject] in celeritāte pōnēbant . . .(Caes. BG V.39.4) | |
| crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditus |
Verb 3rd | believe; trust (+ dative) | quod nimis miserī volunt, hoc facile crēdunt. (Seneca) | |
| legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus |
Verb 3rd | read; pick, choose |
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| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victus |
Verb 3rd | conquer, defeat, win | ||
| vester, vestra, vestrum |
Adjective | your (plural) | ||
| tuus, tua, tuum |
Adjective | your (singular) | ||
| malus, -a, -um |
Adjective 1st/2nd | bad | ||
| peior, peius |
Adjective 3rd (Comparative) | worse | ||
| cēterī, -ae, -a |
Adjective 1st/2nd | the rest, the others | In current use: cēterīs pāribus; etc. (et cētera) | |
| rēctus, -a, -um |
Adjective 1st/2nd | right, correct | ||
| sanctus, -a, -um |
Adjective 1st/2nd | inviolable; rendered sacred; (hence because of the worth of such things) venerable, pure, good |
[Germani] hospitem violare fas non putant; qui . . . ad eos venerunt ab iniuria prohibent, sanctos habent (Caes. BG VI.23.9) amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen (Ov. Tr. 1.8.15) est et sancta et gravis oratio (Quint. 10.1.115) |
Synonyms (sacer) |
| tālis, -e |
Adjective 3rd | such (a sort) (of) _____; (predicate) of such a sort |
“. . .” talia dicentem (Ov. Met. 10.40) | Correlative with qualis |
| quālis, -e |
Adjective 3rd | what sort (of) | (Caesar sent scouts to find out) qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus (where the enemy was encamped) (BG I.21) | |
| senex, (senis) |
Adjective 3rd | old | ||
| sē, sibi |
Reflexive Pronoun | subject-self/-selves (object) sēcum – with (him/her/them = subject) |
sē damnat iudex, innocentem quī opprimit. (Publilius Syrus) ūna [uxor Ariovistī] quam domō sēcum ēduxerat, (Caes BG 1.52) |
In current use: per se |
| eum, eam |
Pronoun | him/her/ (m./f. thing = ) it Demonstrative adj. |
him/her/ (m./f. thing = ) it | |
| quem, quam |
Relative Pronoun | (person) whom, (m./f. thing) which |
In current use: terminus ante quem; terminus post quem | |
| Pronoun, interrogative | Whom (does subject do something to) | |||
| eōs, eās |
Pronoun | them (m./f.) | ||
| Demonstrative Adjective | these (m/f) _____s | |||
| quōs, quās |
Relative Pronoun | (persons) whom, (m./f. things) which |
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| Interrogative pronoun | Whom (m/f pl) (does subject do something to) | |||
| hunc, hanc |
Demonstrative Pronoun | pronoun: him; her, (m.; f thing =). it | ||
| Demonstrative adj. | adjective: this ___. | |||
| hōs, hās |
Demonstrative Pronoun | pronoun: them; these people/ (m/f) things | ||
| Demonstrative adj. | adjective: these ____. | |||
| eō, eā |
Pronoun | (ablative)(preposition) him/her, (f.thing/nt. =) it | ||
| Demonstrative adj. | (ablative) this (/that) _______ | eō annō (Caes. BG V.24.1) | ||
| quō, quā |
Relative Pronoun | (person) (preposition) whom; (thing) (ablative) which |
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| Interrogative pronoun | (preposition) whom; (ablative) what |
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| hōc, hāc |
Demonstrative Pronoun | pronoun: (preposition) him/her/ this person, (ablative) it/ this thing | ||
| demonstrative Adjective | adjective: (ablative) this ___ | |||
| etiam |
Adverb | also, even | etiam iī quī magnum in castrīs ūsum habēbant, militēs centurionēsque quī-que equitatuī praeerant, perturbābantur. (Caes. BG I.39) etiam capillus ūnus habet umbram suam. (Publilius Syrus) (capillus, -ī: hair) |
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| et |
Adverb | also, likewise, too | an sit et hīc, dūbitō. Sed et hīc tamen auguror esse, . . .(Ov. Met. 10.27) “Salvē et tu.” Plaut. Most. 3.1.42) |
Conjunction: see Group 1 In current use: “Et tu, Brute.” |
| saepe |
Adverb | often | ||
| ita |
Adverb | thus, in such a way; indeed | ||
| itaque |
Adverb | and so, thus | ||
| prō |
Preposition + abl. | for; in front of; in behalf of; in place of |
Quid enim stultius quam incerta prō certis habere, falso prō veris? (Cic. de Sen. 19.68) | As prefix |
| sub |
Preposition + abl. (or acc.) | under | In current use: sub rosa; subpoena (law); sub nōmine | |
| inter |
Preposition + acc. | between (2 things); among (more than 2 things) |
In current use: primus inter pares; inter alia | |
| nec |
Coordinating Conjunction |
and . . . not; (negative) . . . Nor |
nec Iovis ira nec ignis nec . . . ferrum nec . . .(Ov.Met. 15.871-872) | Nec vs. neque: nec has more emphasis on the negative; see Alternate Forms |
| nec . . . nec: neither . . . nor | ||||
| neque |
Coordinating Conjunction |
and . . . not; (negative) . . . nor |
neque noctem neque diem (Caes. BG V.38) | Neque vs. nec: neque has more emphasis on the connective; see Alternate Forms |
| neque . . . neque: neither . . . nor | ||||
| cum |
Subordinating Conjunction | when: since; although |
Preposition: Group 1 Translating cum clauses |
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