Latin Pronouns

Contents: Pronoun Declension I. Demonstrative Pronoun/ Adjective (is, ea, is; hic, haec, hoc; iste, ista,istud; ille, illa, illud) II. Personal Pronoun and Possessive Adjective (ego/nōs; meus, noster; tu/vōs; tuus, vester) III. Reflexive Pronoun and Reflexive Adjective (suī, suus) IV. Interrogative A. Interrogative Pronoun (Quis? Quid?) B. Interrogative Adjective (Quī, Quae, Quod) V. Relative Pronoun (quī, quae, quod) VI. -dam VII. -dem (īdem, eadam, idem) VIII. ipse, ipsa, ipsum IX. ali- indefinite X. Comparative (-ter) XI. -que distributive indefinite XII. -cum-(que) XIII. Miscellaneous Indefinite XIV Repeated XV. Related Forms “Pronoun Declension” [used also for certain adjectives: ūllus, nūllus, ūnus, sōlus, totus, alius, alter, uter, neuter] Nominative: -s (masc. or masc./fem.) *-d/-um (neuter) Genitive sing: īus Dative sing: ī Otherwise: regular 1st or 2nd declension endings (-us, -a, -um) Note: dative/ablative plural may be –ibus instead of –īs * Note: Where there are neuter forms in -quid and -quod, the -quid is the pronoun and the -quod is the adjective (e.g. interrogative pronoun quid vs interrogative adjective quod). I. Demonstrative is, ea, id: usually pronoun (he, she, it; see below) as adjective: this, that [time] the _____ [that relative clause] hic, haec, hoc this (pl. these) iste, ista, istud: that (by you/of yours) [sometimes contemptuous] ille, illa, illud that (pl. those) [Nominative: change to new subject] Forms and Translations of is, ea, id:

case	masc.	masc.	fem.	fem.	neuter	neuter
nom.	is	he (it)	e-a	she (it)	id	it
gen.	eius	his (of him/it)	eius	hers (of her/it)	eius	its/of it
dat.	eī	(to/for) him	eī	(to/for) her	eī	(for/to) it
acc.	eum	him (it)	eam	her/ it	id	it
abl.	eō	him/it	eā	her/it	eō	it
nom.	eī/iī	they	eae	they	e-a	they
gen.	eōrum	their (/of them)	eārum	their (/of them)	eōrum	their/of them
dat.	eīs/iīs	(to/for) them	eīs/iīs	(to/for) them	eīs/iīs	(for/to) them
acc.	eōs	them	eās	them	e-a	them
abl.	eīs/iīs	them	eīs/iīs	them	eīs/iīs	them

II Personal Pronoun and Possessive Adjective
Pronouns

case	singular		plural
nom.	ego	I	nōs	we
gen.	meī	of me	nostrum nostrī	of us (partitive) of us (objective)
dat.	mihi	(to/for) me	nōbīs	(to/for) us
acc.	mē	me	nōs	us (/IS: we)
abl.	[prep] mē mēcum	me with me	[prep] nōbīs nōbīscum	us with us

*Possessive Adjectives meus, -a, -um: my (attributive) mine (predicate) noster, nostra, nostrum: our(s) *N.B. case, #, and gender agree with the noun described, not with the person.

case	singular		plural
nom.	tū	you	vōs	you (pl.)
gen.	tuī	of you	vestrum vestrī	of you (partitive) of you (objective)
dat.	tibi	(to/for) you	vōbīs	(to/for) you
acc.	tē	you	vōs	you (/IS: we)
abl.	[prep] tē tēcum	you with you	[prep] vōbīs vōbīscum	you with you

*Possessive Adjectives tuus, -a, -um: your; (predicate: your(s)) vester, vestra, vestrum: your; predicate: your(s)) *N.B. case, #, and gender agree with the noun described.
(3rd person: other than the subject: see demonstrative, especially is, ea, id) III. Reflexive Pronoun and Adjective: (referring back to the subject) 3rd person Pronoun suī, sibi, sē, sē [subject]_____ –self/-selves Possessive Adjective suus, -a, -um: subject’s/subjects’ own _____ IV. Interrogative
A. Interrogative Pronoun

singular	masc.		fem.		neuter
nom.	quis	who?	quis	who?	quid	what?
gen.	cuius	whose?	cuius	whose?	cuius	of what?
dat.	cuī	(to/for) whom	cuī	(to/for) whom	cuī	(for) what
acc.	quem	whom Whom [does] _____ _____?	quam	whom	quid	what What [does] _____ _____?
abl.	[prep.] quō	whom	[prep.] quā quācum	whom (_____ whom [does _____ _____]? with whom [does _____ _____]?	[prep.] quō	what
plural
nom.	quī	who?	quae	who	quae	what?
gen.	quōrum	whose?	quārum	whose?	quōrum	of what?
dat.	quibus	(to/for)whom?	quibus	(to/for) whom?	quibus	(for) what?
acc.	quōs	whom? Whom [does] _____ _____?	quās	whom?	quae	what? What [does] _____ _____?
abl.	[prep.] quibus	whom?	[prep.] quibus quibuscum	whom? with whom [does _____ _____]?	[prep.] quibus	what?

B. Interrogative Adjective quī, quae, quod agreeing with a noun (same case, #, gender): Which_____? What _____? V. Relative Pronoun

singular	masc.		fem.		neuter
nom.	quī	(person) who ([m. thing] which)	quae	who ([f. thing] which)	quod	(thing) which
gen.	cuius	(person) whose (person, _____ of whom)	cuius	whose person, _____ of whom)	cuius	(_____) of which
dat.	cuī	(to/for) whom	cuī	(to/for) whom	cuī	(for) which
acc.	quem	whom ([m. thing] which) e.g. (person,) whom subject _____ed	quam	whom ([f. thing] which) e.g. (person,) whom subject _____ed	quod	which e.g. (thing,) which the subject ______ed
abl.	[prep.] quō	_____ whom (m. thing by/with which)	[prep.] quā	_____ whom (f. thing by/with which)	quō	(by/with) which

Plural: Forms same as Interrogative, Translations same as Relative Pronoun Singular. Remember: people = who (or restrictive, defining- no comma- that) things = which (or restrictive that) VI. -dam “a certain” (identity known but not given) Quīdam (m), quaedam (f), quiddam (nt. pronoun) quoddam (nt. adjective): a certain (person, one; thing); pl. some; certain (ones) Note: the -dam suffix does not decline; the first part declines like the relative pronoin except that forms ending in -m change the -m to -n (before -d): acc. sing masc. quendam fem. quandam gen. pl. masc. quōrundam fem. quārundam quondam once, sometime VII. -dem “the same” ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem (is + -dem) Note: the suffix does not decline; the first part declines like is, ea, id, except forms ending in -m change the -m to -n (before -d) acc. sing masc. eundem fem. eandem gen. pl. masc. eōrundem fem eārundem VIII ipse, ipsa, ipsum: [_____] _____ -self/selves (intensive adjective) (post-classical: also demonstrative adjective/pronoun this, it The declension is like ille, illa, illud, except that the neuter nom./acc/ singular end in -um instead of -ud. IX. ali- indefinite alius, -a, -um another; other _____ aliī…aliī (or repeated in any case): some…others ali-quis (someone, anyone) aliquid (something, anything) si quis, si quid if anyone; if anything aliqui, aliquae/aliqua, aliquod (adjective):any _____, some _____ si qui, si qua, si quod if any _____ ali-quando at some time; sometimes ali-ter (adv.) otherwise ali-quot some (number of); several ali-quot-iens several times ali-quam-diu for some time al-ibi, elsewhere X. Comparative (-ter) alter, altera, alterum one/ the other (of two) uter, utra, utruum which (of two) neuter, neutra, neutrum neither (of two) XI. -que: distributive indefinite (each) (the -que suffix does not decline) ubique: (on each side) everwhere undique: from each/every side quisque, quidque each/every one uterque, utraque, utrumque each (of two) unusquisque every single one, each one individually XII. -cum-(que) = “-so-” (“ever”) (in the middle of a pronoun) qui-cum-que, quaecumque, quodcumque whoseoever; whatsoever quocumque quantus-cum-que qualis-cum-que unde-cum-que quando-cum-que quotiens-cum-que XIII. Miscellaneous Indefinite (the suffixes on these do not decline; the first part declines like the relative pronoun/interrogative pronoun) quilibet, quaelibet, quodlibet (pron: quidlibet) anyone/anything; [any you will] quisquam, quidquam [after a negative] anyone, anybody; anything qui-vis, quaevis, quid-vis whoever you will, anyone; whatever you will, anything quispiam, quidpiam anyone, someone; anything, something *nescioquis, nescioquid/-quod someone/thing (I don’t know [and don’t care] who/what (*only the second part declines) XIV. Repeated (both parts decline) quisquis, quidquid/quicquid (indefinite relative): whoever, whatever; (indefinite) anyone, anything Related Forms: Demonstrative Adjective: hic this ille that Adverbs:

motion “from” a place	place where	motion “to” a place	translation
hinc	hīc	hūc	here
illinc	illīc	illūc	there
inde	ibi	eō	there
unde?	ubi?	quō?	where

Related Forms

Interrogative	(Answer)	(Cor)-Relative	Indefinite
Quis? Quid?	is, ea, id	qui, quae, quod	aliquid, aliquid
quantus?	tantus	quantus as	aliquantus
Qualis	talis	qualis as
Ubi?	ibi	ubi	alicubi
Quo?	eo	quo	aliquo
qua?	ea	qua	aliqua
Unde?	inde	unde	alicunde
Quando?	tum	(cum…)	aliquando
Quot?	tot	quot as	aliquot
Quotiens?	totiens	quotiens as	aliquotiens