Vocabulary for Group 4 Exercises

Word Part of Speech Translation/Definition Examples Other
amor, amōris
Noun 3rd m. love
labor, -ōris
Noun 3rd m. work, toil, labor
mōs, mōris
Noun 3rd m. custom, way, manner; pl. character mōre Gallico (Caes. BG V.43.1)
pēs, pēdis
Noun 3rd m. foot
honor, -ōris
Noun 3rd m. (public) office; honor
ordō, ordinis
Noun 3rd m. order, rank [Daedalus, making the wings] pōnit in ordine pennās [feathers] (Ov. Met. 8.189) In current use: novus ordo s[a]eclōrum
equus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. horse image
oculus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. eye
animus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. spirit
dominus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. master In current use: A.D. (Annō Dominī); Dominus illuminatio mea (church); Dominus tecum
vir, virī
Noun 2nd m. man; (husband)
puer, puerī
Noun 2nd m. boy
populus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. population, the people, the populace In current use: SPQR (senātus populusque Rōmānus); vōx populī vōx deī
modus, -ī
Noun 2nd m. way, manner, method; measure Other uses; In current use: modus operandi; modus vīvendī
dux, ducis
Noun 3rd c. (m./f.) leader
rēx, rēgis
Noun 3rd m. king
senex, senis
Noun 3rd m. old man
dūcō, -ere, dūxī, dūctus
Verb 3rd lead
eō, īre, i(v)ī, itūrus
Verb 4th irregular go
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrus
Verb 4th irregular go back Compound
recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus
Verb 3rd -io accept Compound
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus
Verb 3rd do, act; drive In current use: agenda (“things to be done”)
quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus
Verb 3rd seek, ask
pōnō, -ere, posuī, positus
Verb 3rd put, place . . . omnem spem hostēs [=subject] in celeritāte pōnēbant . . .(Caes. BG V.39.4)
crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditus
Verb 3rd believe; trust (+ dative) quod nimis miserī volunt, hoc facile crēdunt. (Seneca)
legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus
Verb 3rd read;
pick, choose
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victus
Verb 3rd conquer, defeat, win
vester, vestra, vestrum
Adjective your (plural)
tuus, tua, tuum
Adjective your (singular)
malus, -a, -um
Adjective 1st/2nd bad
peior, peius
Adjective 3rd (Comparative) worse
cēterī, -ae, -a
Adjective 1st/2nd the rest, the others In current use: cēterīs pāribus; etc. (et cētera)
rēctus, -a, -um
Adjective 1st/2nd right, correct
sanctus, -a, -um
Adjective 1st/2nd inviolable; rendered sacred;
(hence because of the worth of such things) venerable, pure, good
[Germani] hospitem violare fas non putant; qui . . . ad eos venerunt ab iniuria prohibent, sanctos habent (Caes. BG VI.23.9)
amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen (Ov. Tr. 1.8.15)
est et sancta et gravis oratio (Quint. 10.1.115)
Synonyms (sacer)
tālis, -e
Adjective 3rd such (a sort) (of) _____;
(predicate) of such a sort
“. . .” talia dicentem (Ov. Met. 10.40) Correlative with qualis
quālis, -e
Adjective 3rd what sort (of) (Caesar sent scouts to find out) qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus (where the enemy was encamped) (BG I.21)
senex, (senis)
Adjective 3rd old
sē, sibi

Reflexive Pronoun subject-self/-selves (object)
sēcum – with (him/her/them = subject)
damnat iudex, innocentem quī opprimit. (Publilius Syrus)
ūna [uxor Ariovistī] quam domō sēcum ēduxerat, (Caes BG 1.52)
In current use: per se
eum, eam


Pronoun him/her/ (m./f. thing = ) it
Demonstrative adj.
him/her/ (m./f. thing = ) it
quem, quam


Relative Pronoun (person) whom,
(m./f. thing) which
In current use: terminus ante quem; terminus post quem
Pronoun, interrogative Whom (does subject do something to)
eōs, eās



Pronoun them (m./f.)
Demonstrative Adjective these (m/f) _____s
quōs, quās


Relative Pronoun (persons) whom,
(m./f. things) which
Interrogative pronoun Whom (m/f pl) (does subject do something to)
hunc, hanc


Demonstrative Pronoun pronoun: him; her, (m.; f thing =). it
Demonstrative adj. adjective: this ___.
hōs, hās


Demonstrative Pronoun pronoun: them; these people/ (m/f) things
Demonstrative adj. adjective: these ____.
eō, eā
Pronoun (ablative)(preposition) him/her, (f.thing/nt. =) it
Demonstrative adj. (ablative) this (/that) _______ annō (Caes. BG V.24.1)
quō, quā


Relative Pronoun (person) (preposition) whom;
(thing) (ablative) which
Interrogative pronoun (preposition) whom;
(ablative) what
hōc, hāc
Demonstrative Pronoun pronoun: (preposition) him/her/ this person, (ablative) it/ this thing
demonstrative Adjective adjective: (ablative) this ___
etiam
Adverb also, even etiam iī quī magnum in castrīs ūsum habēbant, militēs centurionēsque quī-que equitatuī praeerant, perturbābantur. (Caes. BG I.39)
etiam
capillus ūnus habet umbram suam. (Publilius Syrus) (capillus, -ī: hair)
et
Adverb also, likewise, too an sit et hīc, dūbitō. Sed et hīc tamen auguror esse, . . .(Ov. Met. 10.27)
“Salvē et tu.” Plaut. Most. 3.1.42)
Conjunction: see Group 1
In current use: “Et tu, Brute.”
saepe
Adverb often
ita
Adverb thus, in such a way; indeed
itaque
Adverb and so, thus
prō
Preposition + abl. for;
in front of; in behalf of; in place of
Quid enim stultius quam incerta prō certis habere, falso prō veris? (Cic. de Sen. 19.68) As prefix
sub
Preposition + abl. (or acc.) under In current use: sub rosa; subpoena (law); sub nōmine
inter
Preposition + acc. between (2 things);
among (more than 2 things)
In current use: primus inter pares; inter alia
nec
Coordinating
Conjunction
and . . . not;
(negative) . . . Nor
 nec Iovis ira nec ignis nec . . . ferrum nec . . .(Ov.Met. 15.871-872) Nec vs. neque: nec has more emphasis on the negative; see Alternate Forms
nec . . . nec: neither . . . nor
neque
Coordinating
Conjunction
and . . . not;
(negative) . . . nor
 neque noctem neque diem (Caes. BG V.38) Neque vs. nec: neque has more emphasis on the connective; see Alternate Forms
neque . . . neque: neither . . . nor
cum
Subordinating Conjunction when:
since;
although
Preposition: Group 1
Translating cum clauses