Translation of Participles


 Present Active Participle
-ns, -ntis
(3rd decl.endings)
“_______ing” [action going on at the same time as that of the main verb]
(temporal) while/on

__________ing

Translation formula using a subordinate clause

translation of participle with
past tense main verb

translation of participle with
present tense main verb
(temporal) while
as
when

(= imperfect)
(s/he/it) was ______ing

(= present)
(s/he/it) is _____ing/ ______s

(causal) since
because
(conditional) if
(concessive) although *[tamen in main clause]
(relative) who/which

 

 Perfect Passive Participle
-tus, -a, -um
-sus, -a, -um
“(having been) _____ed” [action already completed before that of the main verb
Translation formula using a subordinate clause

translation of participle with
past tense main verb

translation of participle with
present tense main verb

(temporal) after                                 
when

(= pluperfect)
(s/he/it) had been _____ed

(= perfect)
(s/he/it) was ____ed

(s/he/it) has been ____ed

(causal) since
because
*(concessive) although
(conditional) if
(relative) who/which

 

 Future Active Participle
-turus, -a, -um 
-surus, -a, -um
“(being) about to ______,” “intending to _____”
Translation formula using a subordinate clause translation of participle with
past tense main verb
translation of participle with
present tense main verb
(temporal) as
when

was about to ______

was going to _______

was intending to _______

is about to ____

is going to _______

intends to _______

(causal) since
because
(relative) who/which
*(concessive) although
(conditional) if
 (relative) who/which


 Future Passive Participle
-ndus, -a, -um 
“to be ______ed”
Translation formula using a subordinate clause translation of participle with
past tense main verb
translation of participle with
present tense main verb
(relative) who/which was to be _______ed is to be ______ed