| Present Active Participle -ns, -ntis (3rd decl.endings) |
“_______ing” [action going on at the same time as that of the main verb] | |
| (temporal) while/on |
__________ing |
|
| Translation formula using a subordinate clause |
translation of participle with |
translation of participle with present tense main verb |
| (temporal) while as when |
(= imperfect) |
(= present) |
| (causal) since because |
||
| (conditional) if | ||
| (concessive) although *[tamen in main clause] | ||
| (relative) who/which | ||
| Perfect Passive Participle -tus, -a, -um -sus, -a, -um |
“(having been) _____ed” [action already completed before that of the main verb | ||
| Translation formula using a subordinate clause |
translation of participle with |
translation of participle with |
|
| (temporal) after when |
(= pluperfect) |
(= perfect) (s/he/it) has been ____ed |
|
| (causal) since because |
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| *(concessive) although | |||
| (conditional) if | |||
| (relative) who/which | |||
| Future Active Participle -turus, -a, -um -surus, -a, -um |
“(being) about to ______,” “intending to _____” | ||
| Translation formula using a subordinate clause | translation of participle with past tense main verb |
translation of participle with present tense main verb |
|
| (temporal) as when |
was about to ______ was going to _______ was intending to _______
|
is about to ____ is going to _______ intends to _______ |
|
| (causal) since because |
|||
| (relative) who/which | |||
| *(concessive) although | |||
| (conditional) if | |||
| (relative) who/which | |||
| Future Passive Participle -ndus, -a, -um |
“to be ______ed” | ||
| Translation formula using a subordinate clause | translation of participle with past tense main verb |
translation of participle with present tense main verb |
|
| (relative) who/which | was to be _______ed | is to be ______ed | |